Agreement for amendment of DTAA between India and China

Why in the discussion?

India and China have signed an agreement to amend the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) to prevent double taxation and prevent financial irregularities in terms of income tax.

• In this agreement, the existing provisions for the exchange of information in the latest international norms have been updated.
• In this, under the working report of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting-BEPS project, necessary changes have been made to implement the minimum criteria related to the treaty, in which India participated equally.
• Based on the consent of both the sides in this treaty, many changes have been made in accordance with BEPS Action Report.

What is double taxation?

• Double Taxation refers to the condition in which a single income of a single company or individual (taxpayer) becomes taxable in more than one country. Such a situation arises due to the different rules of taxation on income in different countries.

DTAA

• Governments of two countries execute the 'Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)' for the release of double taxation, which is used for the purpose of relieving the problem of double taxation.
• Section 90 of Income Tax Act in India deals with bilateral relief. Under this, the Central Government of India has signed agreements to deal with the problems of double taxation with the governments of other countries, these agreements are called 'Double Taxation Upliftment Agreement (DTAA)'.

BEPS

• BEPS is meant for tax planning strategies, under which the differences in tax rules and discrepancies are availed and the jurisdiction, without reducing profit or reducing the profits, is transferred. These areas are either economic activities or there are minor economic activities. In this case, either corporate tax is not paid by the concerned company or minor corporate tax is paid.
• In June 2017, India had signed a multilateral agreement to implement measures relating to tax treaty for the prevention of base erosion and benefit transfer (BEPS) in a function organized at the head office of the OECD in Paris.
• The purpose of this agreement is to prevent the practice of avoiding tax payment artificially, to prevent the misuse of the treaty and to improve the dispute settlement system.

OECD

• The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was established in 1961.
• Currently, its number of member countries is 35.
• It is headquartered in Paris (France). Promotion of policies that improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world is the main objective of the OECD.
• Its member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Latvia , Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States A.

Why in the discussion?

Ministry of Human Resource Development has issued new instructions to all states and union territories not to give homework to first and second class students. Apart from this, the weight of the school bags of the students has also been decided till the tenth grade.

What are the instructions given by the Central Government?

• All States and Union Territories will have to prepare guidelines for teaching different subjects and controlling the weight of school bags.
• Homework will not be given to first and second class students. No other topics except language and mathematics will be determined.
• No other subject except language, EVS and mathematics as determined by NCERT for students from 3rd to 5th class will not be set.
• Students will not be asked to bring extra books, additional materials, and the weight of the school bag should not exceed the prescribed limit.

Issues relating to the weight of school bag

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• The first and second class children's school bags weigh about 1.5 kg. Should not be more than
• School bags of children from 3rd to 5th class are weighed 2 to 3 kg. Should be.
• The sixth and seventh grade students' school bag weighs 4kg Should not be more than
• Eighth and Ninth Class students' school bag weighs 4.5kg Should not be more than
• Tenth class students' school bag weighs 5kg Should be less than

Rules prescribed in the Central School

According to the guidelines made in the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangstha in 2009, children of the first and second class children's school bag two kg. Not to be overly heavy, which includes the weight of the bag. After this, three kg for the third-fourth, four kg for the fifth to the seventh. And for the eighth to 12th, six kg Weight is kept.

According to the International Rule, the total weight of children should not be more than 10% on the shoulders of children. Under the Children's School Bag Act of 2006, children's school bag weight should not exceed 10 percent of their body weight. 

This issue is very old

There has been concern for the burden of the buses for many decades. The problem of heavy school bags is not limited to only primary classes, but the weight of school bags of secondary level students is also quite high. This issue has been in the discussion for a long time and there are protests and protests from time to time. There have been discussions about this issue in Parliament too. 
Many committees have been given recommendations

• In 1977, Ishwarbhai Patel Committee gave the report for the first time to reduce the burden.
• In 1990, the committee, reviewing the education policy, said to reduce the weight of the school bag.

Yash Pal Committee

In 1992, the Ministry of Human Resource Development created a National Advisory Committee. This committee comprised eight academics across the country. The chairman of this committee was made to Professor Yashpal. The committee had to consider that "students at all levels of education, Especially, how to reduce the burden of studying on small class students during the study. In 1993, the Yashpal committee submitted its report to the government, in which the measures to reduce the burden of school bag were reported. The committee made important recommendations while analyzing the large scale analysis of the environment and difficulties of the schools. The committee had said in its recommendations that textbooks should be treated as property of the school and allocate lockers to keep children in the school. The report also asked the students to create separate time tables for homework and class work so that children do not have to take books everyday. 

• In 2005 the emphasis was on reducing the weight of the school bag in the National Curriculum Survey.
• In 2008, the CBSE also released the guidelines.
• Right to Education Act 2009 also tells children to reduce their burden.
• In a report submitted to the Delhi High Court in 2012, it was believed that due to heavy school bag, the health of small children is affecting. At that time some guidelines were issued, but they could not be implemented. 
  Some time ago, the Madras High Court had instructed the first and second class children not to give homework.

Adi Mahotsav

• 
  The 'Adi Mahotsav' organized by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is being celebrated with full glee in Delhi Haat, New Delhi.
  • The fourth edition of Adi Mahotsav is being organized by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs with the cooperation of the Ministry of Culture and Trifhed.
  • This is a national tribal festival. It is organized as a celebration with the spirit of tribal culture, crafts, dishes and commerce.
  • This festival will be celebrated on November 30, 2018 at Delhi Haat, INA.
  • In this festival, 600 tribal artisans from 23 states, 80 tribal chefs from 20 states and 14 cultural groups of over 200 artists are participating.
  • The main attraction in this tribal festival is drinks made from Mahua, candy and chutney of tamarind and bracelets of millions.
  • Apart from this, in this festival, paintings, tribal textiles and accessories of four different styles, such as Warli, Pithora, Gond and Sora will be exhibited.
  • Tribal artists, artisans and craftsmen will be able to earn maximum profit by selling their products in this festival.

TRIFED

• • In the year 1987, Tribal Co-Operative Marketing Development of India Ltd. (TRIFED) was established in the form of National level top body under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984.
  • After enacting the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2007, Trifed was registered in this Act and it was notified in the second Schedule of the Act in the form of National Cooperative Committee.
  • This organization attempts to promote economic development of tribal communities of the country through marketing development and continuous upgradation of skills and products.

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Money portal (Paisa - Portal)

• 
  Recently a centralized platform for accessing cheap credit and interest subsidy under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Urban Livelihood Mission (Day-NULM), 'Paisa Portal -' Affordable Credit & Interest Subvention Access ''. Has been introduced.
  • By the end of the year, all 35 states / UTs and all Scheduled Commercial Banks, RRB / Cooperative banks are likely to link to 'Money' portal.
  • Allahabad Bank has developed this web platform by designing it, which is its nodal bank.
  • More transparency and efficiency have been ensured in providing services on this portal. Under the 'Day-NULM', the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) on monthly basis of grant will be available to the small entrepreneurs from time to time necessary financial assistance.
  • More than 300 delegates from states, urban-local bodies, city planning offices and banks from all over the country participated in this workshop.

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Constitution day

• 
  On November 26, 2018, President Shri Ramnath Kovind inaugurated the Constitution Day function organized by the Supreme Court, New Delhi on the occasion of the anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution.
  • On the occasion of the Constitution Day, the President said that the constitution is a modern treatise of independent India. Its place is supreme and it is not merely a collection of streams and rules / by-laws.
  • The President said, "The citizens of India are the patrons of the Constitution. Sovereignty is included only in the citizens of the country and the Constitution has been adopted in the name of the citizens only. The Constitution empowers the citizens of India. "
  • According to President Shri Ramnath Kovind, justice should be seen in the broad context of the development of society, changing beliefs, lifestyle and technology.
  • The President said that while extending the idea of ​​social justice in India, it has included norms of modern society like clean air, less polluted cities and rivers, sanitation and green and environment friendly development.

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Hausa-2018

• 
  Recently, National Child Ceremony of the Ministry of Women and Child Development- Hausla-2018 was inaugurated in New Delhi for children of Child Care Institutions (CCIs) in New Delhi.
  • In this ceremony, more than 600 children from the Child Care Institutions of 18 states will participate in various programs such as painting competition, sports, football, chess competition and speech writing.
  • The purpose of this program is to provide a national platform to the children of child care institutions across the country, so that they can demonstrate their talent.
  • Such programs can motivate the children of children who supervise children and they can reach the national stage to showcase their abilities.
  • The subject of this program is 'Child Safety'.
  • The children will participate in various programs such as debate, painting, sports, football, chess competition and safe neighborhood day.

Source: The Hindu and others

Source: PIB