Home: The most unsafe place for women

Recently on the occasion of International Women's Violence Eradication Day, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) released a report that according to which the safest home for women is the most insecure is.

What does UNODC report say?

• In the year 2017, 87,000 women were killed, about 50,000 or 58% of them were murdered by their partner or family members.
• The above statistics show that about 6 women were killed by their acquaintances every single hour.
• According to this study, the global rate of killing of women by partner or family members was 1.3 on every 100,000 female population.
• Based on geographical distribution, Africa and America are areas where partners or family members are most at risk of killing women.
• In Africa, the rate of afflicted women per 100,000 female population was 3.1, while in America it was 1.6, Oceania 1.3 and Asia mein 0.9. In Europe this rate was 0.7 on the lowest, that is 100,000 female population.
• According to the study, despite the laws and programs made to end violence against women, there has been no real progress in the safety of women from the partners / family members.

Forward path

• Targeted Criminal Justice reactions are needed to stop and eliminate the killings on gender grounds.
• This research released by UNODC exposes the need for effective crime prevention and criminal justice response to violence against women.
• In addition to establishing more coordination between the police and the justice system, health and social services, there is a need to include men in the solution process through elementary education.

International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Woman

• On 25th November, International Women's Violence is celebrated as World's Elimination Day.
• The purpose of this day is to make people aware about the violence against women all over the world.
• For the year 2018, the theme of this day is 'Orange the World: #HearMeToo'.
• There is a color tied to orange, solidarity, and the #HearMeToo hashtag has been clearly chosen to give this message that violence against women and girls should now be closed and for this, everyone should play their role.

About UNODC

• UNODP is an office under the United Nations, which was established in 1997 by the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division. Was done.
• At that time it was established as Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. In 2002, its name was changed to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
• Its headquarters are in Vienna, Austria.
• World Drug Report is a major report published by this office

Why in the discussion?

Recently a Chinese researcher claimed that she helped create the first genetically educated children - Twins of the world born this month. According to researchers, he changed the DNA of twins by a powerful new tool capable of reproducing important traits of life.

key points

• According to researcher Jiancui, he changed the fetus for seven pairs during reproductive treatment, thus yielding a result of pregnancy.
• The goal of the researcher is not to treat or prevent genetic disease, but rather to try to provide other people with the ability to resist the potential infections in the future of naturally acquired HIV, AIDS virus.
• No independent confirmation of his claim has been made, nor has it been published in any magazine, where it has been inspected by other experts.
• This type of gene editing is restricted in the United States because DNA changes can reach future generations and it can harm other genes.
• In recent years scientists have found a relatively easy way of editing gene, in which the body controlling the DNA strand is done by a device i.e. by supplying an essential gene or by disabling genes which cause genes is done.
• Recently, adults have been tried to treat deadly diseases, and changes are limited to that person. Editing sperm, egg or embryo is different - these changes can be genetic. Except laboratory research in America and it is not allowed anywhere else. Human cloning is illegal in China, but not specifically gene editing.

Use for protection against HIV

• This Chinese scientist said that he chose to try the fetal genes for HIV because HIV infection is a major problem in China. He tried to disable a gene called CCR5, which makes the protein gates to allow the AIDS virus to enter HIV in a single cell.
• The researcher said that this gene was done during the fertilization in the IVF or laboratory. First of all, sperm was "washed" to separate semen from semen, so that HIV could not hide in the fluid.
• To make an embryo, a sperm was placed in the same egg. Then the gene editing tool was used. When the embryos were 3 to 5 days old, some cells were removed and checked for editing.
• Men in research were suffering from AIDS while women were safe. These couples had the option to use edited or irregular embryos for pregnancy efforts or not. He said that before achieving twins pregnancy, eleven embryos were used in six attempts.
• This test shows that in both of the twins, both copies of the desired genes had changed and the second had changed only in one copy, there was no evidence of harm to other genes.
• Many scientists reviewed the materials provided by the Chinese scientist after the trial and said that the tests done so far are inadequate to draw conclusions.

Crispor Cas9 technology

• CRISPR-Cas9 is a technique that allows scientists to inevitably cut and add DNA, thereby increasing the expectations of genetic improvement for the disease.
• Chisper (Clustered Regualarly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is part of DNA, whereas CRISPR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN9-Cas9 is an enzyme. However, concerns related to security and ethics are attached to it.

Source: The Indian Express